El presente artículo apunta a discutir cómo los actos cívicos o los monumentos actuaron en los albores del siglo XX como mecanismos de articulación dinámica de la “chilenización” en el desierto tarapaqueño, particularmente en el puerto de Iquique. Se reflexiona desde una perspectiva sociohistórica en torno a las fiestas públicas como rituales simbólicos donde se materializa la integración y/o pertenencia a la comunidad nacional; eventos cívicos que no dejaron de ser menos persuasivos como otras formas mas “violentas” de implantar y (...) promover el sentido de la Nación en los nuevos territorios anexados al Estado chileno. (shrink)

Bullying is a phenomenon that affects children and adolescents worldwide, and it has major consequences for all participants involved in these situations. In Chile, researchers have validated several instruments used to investigate aggression between peers and school violence, but there is a lack of validation of instruments to investigate bullying. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire—Revised version in the Chilean context. The participants were 2,775 students from schools (...) of low, medium, and high socioeconomic status. OBVQ-R is a self-report questionnaire with 42 items, which has been used in different countries, and has adequate psychometric properties to assess the prevalence of victimization and aggression and various forms of bullying worldwide. Results confirmed the two-factor structure of the OBVQ-R and good reliability. These dimensions seem to be correlated. Comparison between OBVQ-R with the School Violence between Peers Questionnaire and the Internet Experiences Questionnaire showed some degree of agreement. The Item Response Theory analysis showed that the item about verbal bullying, in both subscales, had the lowest-severity parameters, meaning that these forms of bullying were the most prevalent. The higher-severity parameter in the victimization scale was the cyberbullying item, and the sexual bullying item showed higher severity in the perpetration subscale. The differential item functioning analysis by gender showed a trend in which boys responded with lower-severity parameters than girls. In the victimization scale, the exception was the item about spreading rumors, and in the perpetration subscale, it was the item about racial bullying. We have provided evidence of the validation of OBVQ-R among school-age children and adolescents in Chile. This study is part of a trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02898324. (shrink)

Engaño y daño del transhumanismo, Olivier Rey, (2019) HOMO LEGENS, MADRID.

Unfounded—conspiracy and health—beliefs about COVID-19 have accompanied the pandemic worldwide. Here, we examined cross-nationally the structure and correlates of these beliefs with an 8-item scale, using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. We obtained a two-factor model of unfounded (conspiracy and health) beliefs with good internal structure (average CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04), but a high correlation between the two factors (average latent factor correlation = 0.57). This model was replicable across 50 countries (total N = 13,579), (...) as evidenced by metric invariance between countries (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMS = 0.07) as well as scalar invariance across genders (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03) and educational levels (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03). Also, lower levels of education, more fear of COVID-19, and more cynicism were weakly associated with stronger conspiracy and health beliefs. The study contributes to knowledge about the structure of unfounded beliefs, and reveals the potential relevance of affective (i.e., fear of COVID-19) and cognitive (i.e., cynicism) factors along with demographics, in endorsing such beliefs. In summary, we obtained cross-cultural evidence for the distinctiveness of unfounded conspiracy and health beliefs about COVID-19 in terms of their structure and correlates. (shrink)

Ortega said: “the reabsorption of circumstance is the concrete destiny of man”. But, what happens when this living environment is perceived so hostile that makes a project of life impracticable? In this article, we will reflect on possible responses to such a circumstance; where we seek refuge and find shelter to continue believing in the possibility of our project of life. Among other options, the current subject seems tender to look for it in the past, in the nostalgic look (...) to the memories and the tradition. But this doesn’t happen without risks. This past, idealized, when it’s intended to be affirmed, must be confronted with that circumstance, and the resulting shock gives expression to many of the current social conflicts. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to offer a critical approach to the theory of autopoiesis in order to see how it challenges mainstream Darwinism. In the first part of the paper, I characterize Darwinism from the concepts of natural selection, heredity, reproduction, and evolution. This characterization is absolutely schematic, and I hope not controversial at all, since my aim is to provide a general background for the discussion of the rest of the paper. The second part presents the main (...) tenets of the theory of autopoiesis, also paying special attention to the concepts of natural selection, heredity, reproduction, and evolution. The third and final part considers some criticisms that have been directed against the theory and suggests some new ones. As I said, my intention is to offer a critical approach, so that I pretend to assess neither autopoiesis nor Darwinism. The assessment, it seems to me, would be a matter of scientific debate—not properly of philosophy. Therefore, given that my approach attempts to be a conceptual clarification, my contribution to the contemporary debate about Darwinism is twofold. On the one hand, I show that conceptually autopoiesis constitutes an important challenge to Darwinism, but on the other, I also show that some fundamental aspects of the theory appear to be both epistemologically and empirically problematic, which perhaps helps to understand why autopoiesis is not widely accepted in mainstream Darwinism. (shrink)

Peirce’s theory of the origin of abduction in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics II.25 is based on his account of abduction as a second-figure syllogism. Peirce read the difficult and (what he thought to be) corrupted passage of Prior Analytics II.25 and tried to amend its errors and explain its difficulties in order to argue that Aristotle was trying to present a syllogism in the second figure that infers a case, which is Peirce’s definition of abduction. “[H]e would not be Aristotle, to (...) have overlooked [the] question” whether such an inference sometimes occurs, said Peirce in his 1901 paper “The Logic of Drawing History from Ancient Documents” (CP 7.249). Several years after suggesting that Aristotle had described.. (shrink)

The dynamics brought about by the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards have a direct impact on the various Colombian economic sectors; highlighting the Oil and Natural Gas Extraction sector as one of the most important in terms of wealth generation and exports of the nation. For this reason, the present study was directed in order to analyze the indicators of Liquidity and Profitability in the Colombian oil sector between 2011 and 2021. For the development of the study, a (...) quantitative investigation is proposed with a documentary base where it is carried out an analysis of secondary sources from the Superintendence of Companies from which financial data of the Oil and Natural Gas Extraction sector in Colombia is taken, on which a descriptive processing is carried out and subsequently a correlational analysis between the liquidity and profitability indicators. The results show a level of correlation between the liquidity indicators, referring to the Current Ratio and Acid Test, and those of Profitability, Return on Total Assets, and Return on Equity. It is concluded that the correlation between these variables would be explained by the rates and sales volumes of said sector; which constantly carries out transactions of high sums of money accompanied by multiple policies and methods to ensure the transaction and thus not unbalance the receipt of income by the industry. (shrink)

During the 20th Century, a progressive analysis of the impact of aesthetics on geopolitics and territorial arrangement has been developed. If so far the Renaissance perspective, as a technique that is proper of the measurement of space, had enabled the development of politics as territorial sovereignty, the new technologies of information and communication have provoked a crisis for the very possibility of control and measure over said space of political appearance. Through the writings of Paul Virilio, this article analyzes (...) the crisis of space as a possibility of measuring and organizing production in the information age, identifying the major consequences of the decay of politics over social and urban relations. (shrink)

Given the recent developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering, the ability to eliminate genetic diseases from the human genome seems more and more possible each day. Being able to do so would mean a better quality of life for those who would otherwise suffer from incurable genetic diseases. However, even though the success of such a procedure would bring benefits that cannot be obtained by other means, the consequences for humans are still unknown. As such, the people involved should be (...) held responsible. The responsibility needs to be collective, not individual, because the decisions leading to the edition of a human genome and someone being born as a result of it are not made by a single individual, but several people, from the prospective parents interested in the intervention for their future child to the ones in charge of performing said intervention. The addition of the human genome can bring significant benefits, and it seems to be the only way to avoid certain genetic diseases; however, collective responsibility should be taken by those involved in the decisions that lead to a person being born with a modified genome. (shrink)

Given the recent developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering, the ability to eliminate genetic diseases from the human genome seems more and more possible each day. Being able to do so would mean a better quality of life for those who would otherwise suffer from incurable genetic diseases.However, even though the success of such a procedure would bring benefits that cannot be obtained by other means, the consequences for humans are still unknown. As such, the people involved should be held (...) responsible.The responsibility needs to be collective, not individual, because the decisions leading to the edition of a human genome and someone being born as a result of it are not made by a single individual, but several people, from the prospective parents interested in the intervention for their future child to the ones in charge of performing said intervention.The addition of the human genome can bring significant benefits, and it seems to be the only way to avoid certain genetic diseases; however, collective responsibility should be taken by those involved in the decisions that lead to a person being born with a modified genome. (shrink)

In this paper we deal with the problem of stating what an analogy relation is, according it is usually used on teaching natural sciences. According our proposal, two situations are said to be analogous if their representations includes isomorphical subsets. We analyze the elements that can be inv..

This paper queries the logic of the structure of hierarchical philosophical systems. Following the Indian tradition of siddhānta, Tibetan Buddhist traditions articulate a hierarchy of philosophical views. The ‘Middle Way’ philosophy or Madhyamaka—the view that holds that the ultimate truth is emptiness—is, in general, held to be the highest view in the systematic depictions of philosophies in Tibet, and is contrasted with realist schools of thought, Buddhist and non-Buddhist. But why should an antirealist or nominalist position be said to (...) be ‘better’ than a realist position? What is the criterion for this claim and is it, or can it, be more than a criterion that is tradition-specific for only Tibetan Buddhists? In this paper, I will look at the criteria to evaluate Buddhist philosophical traditions, particularly as articulated in what came to be referred as the ‘nonsectarian’ tradition. I draw from the recent work of Jorge Ferrer to query the assumptions of the hierarchical structures of ‘nonsectarian’ traditions and attempt to articulate an evaluative criteria for a nonsectarian stance that are not based solely on metaphysical or tradition-specific claims. (shrink)

This article focuses on an Ethno philosophy through intercultural philosophy and dialogue. This philosophical reflection stands on an historical, cultural and ethical subject known as “us” in the Latin American experience. From an intercultural dialog and its philosophy, there will be an approach of Ethno philosophy as a new way of thinking and doing philosophy from interculturalism, the recovery of ancestral knowledge and the dialogue of different forms of knowledge from the diversity of worldviews of different cultures and ethnic groups.

Is it possible to think about an education that responds to contemporary needs? Is there a new way to think for an emerging education? This paper invites the reader to reflect philosophically about the educational challenges from a new emerging rationality. Besides the logic and instrumental reason of Modernity, the emerging rationality appears in education as an inclusive, colloquial and integrative new way to think.

Este livrinho é antes de tudo um desabafo. Poético existencial, sim. Mas também uma reflexão incontida, que não quer se calar. Busca, portanto, também a prosa de nosso tempo. Neste sentido, existe aí a história, a gnose religiosa, a filosofia do nosso tempo.Mais que nunca estamos cara a cara com uma nova Era, diante de um outro objetivamente possível relato na história da humanidade. Pela primeira vez necessária e plenamente universal. Isso é cada vez mais inegável e abrangente para qualquer (...) um. Somos nós e a natureza, a natureza e nós. Mares nunca de antes navegados, até por conta de tanto plástico. Cale-se o arauto da desigualdade pós-moderna, cesse tudo o que a musa moderna entoa: um canto ainda mais alto se alevanta.José Jorge Siqueira compartilha a hipótese, se filia à hipótese pela qual se quisermos sobreviver temos de filosofar verdadeiramente. Sua especulação, neste trabalho ora apresentado, se une à maré cheia, volumosa, de toda uma corrente de pensamento existente no planeta nesses termos. Sua fala é, portanto, a de um homem negro brasileiro, forjado historicamente na negação. Não apenas só de negro, pois esta (a negação) se impôs também à circunstância ex-colonial do país. Não estamos sós, há toda uma condição estigmatizada nesses termos mundo afora; em especial, para o caso, a nos entrelaçar ao continente africano e sua diáspora. Viva a consciência de si, enquanto princípios civilizatórios do conhecimento em todos os planos, da religiosidade à filosofia, da ontologia do ser em relação consigo mesmo e à natureza, da literatura às artes todas e à universalidade da ciência! Viva a interessantíssima reflexão que se ergue no Brasil nestes termos a olhos vistos (mas tem de ter olho de ver)! Nasceu uma flor imprevista, desafiadora, mas nasceu à luz do sol. (shrink)

José Jorge Mendoza argues that the difficulty with resolving the issue of immigration is primarily a conflict over competing moral and political principles and is, at its core, a problem of philosophy. This book brings into dialogue various contemporary philosophical texts that deal with immigration to provide some normative guidance to immigration policy and reform.

This article has as aim to recover the sense of Politics in order to find new ways for the political action. From different stages this research redefines the concept of Politics through Latin American Philosophy, and this new political definition will lead to social consciousness and citizen willingness, and to propose a new political culture through education.

This paper addresses two of the objections that can be raised against the presence of a project of social philosophy in Negative Dialectics. First, I argue that the continuity of Adorno’s social diagnosis with Lukács’ theory of reification should be nuanced by interpreting the core of his social theory as an analysis of the process of subsumption that occurs with the autonomization of social objectivity. Secondly, I present the notion of constellation as the core of Adorno’s epistemological argument in Negative (...) Dialectics and I challenge the idea of an incompatibility between the negative dialectic and social sciences. This is pursued through a discussion of the relation with Max Weber’s ideal types and the affinity between Adorno’s epistemological program and the theoretical models of Edward P. Thompson and David Harvey. (shrink)

Hay toda una teología de la historia contenida los salmos; pero una teología que acontece en el acto mismo de la oración, comunitaria, canónica, litúrgica. Por eso hay que rastrearla en los textos que le ponían palabras a esta plegaria. Partiendo del supuesto de una redacción planificada del Salterio, este trabajo se concentrará en el libro IV del Salterio, porque allí se constata un giro decisivo en el lenguaje, que corresponde a una redefinición de las esperanzas de Israel. En el (...) marco de este libro cuarto, se estudiará el grupo de los Salmos 93-100 centrado en la imagen de Yhwh rey y se buscará descubrir finalmente la estructuración del espacio y del tiempo que subyace a los Sal 96 y 98 que constituyen las piezas más conspicuas de este grupo. Sobre esta base se espera entender mejor la relación entre liturgia e historia. (shrink)

This paper uses tools of philosophical analysis critically to examine accounts of the nature of racism that have recently been offered by writers including existentialist philosopher Lewis Gordon, conservative theorist Dinesh D'Souza, and sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant. These approaches, which conceive of racism either as a bad-faith choice to believe, a doctrine, or as a type of 'social formation', are found wanting for a variety of reasons, especially that they cannot comprehend some forms of racism. I propose an (...) account that conceives racism chiefly as a motivational/volitional matter, in short, as a form of moral viciousness. I show how this approach offers a unified account that comprises inter alia individual and institutional racism, expressed and unexpressed racism. I point out advantages that my view has over Thomas Schmid's somewhat similar suggestion, and use the account to examine a number of claims made about racism by H. L. Gates, Jr, Elizabeth Young-Bruehl, Gertrude Ezorsky, and others. Finally, I defend this approach from the general criticism that Benjamin DeMott has levelled against any effort so to understand racism. Key Words: Benjamin DeMott • Dinesh D'Souza • existentialism • Lewis Gordon • moral concepts • Michael Omi • racism • social formation • Howard Winant. (shrink)